Passage 1

 

        Public speaking fills most people with dread. Humiliation is the greatest fear; self-exposure and failing to appeal to the audience come a close second. Women hate it most, since girls are pressurized from an early age to be concerned with appearances of all kinds.

 

        Most people have plenty of insecurities, and this seems like a situation that will bring them out. If you were under pressure to be perfect, you are terrified of falling in the most public of ways.

 

        While extroverts will feel less fear before the ordeal, it does not mean they will necessarily do it better. Some very shy people manage to shine. When I met the British comedian Julian Clary, he was shy and cautious, yet his TV performances are perfect.

 

        In fact, personality is not the best predictor of who does it well. Regardless of what you are like in real life, the key seems to be to act yourself. Actual acting, as in performing the scripted lines of a character other than yourself, does not do the job. While politicians may limit damage by having carefully rehearsed, written scripts to speak from, there is always a hidden awareness among the audience that the words might not be true.

 

        Likewise, the incredibly perfect speeches of many American academics are far from natural.
You may end up buying their book on the way out, but soon afterwards, it is much like fast food, and you get a nameless sense that you've been cheated.

 

        Although, as Earl Spencer proved at his sister Princess Diana's funeral, it is possible both to prepare every word and to act naturally. A script rarely works and it is used to help most speakers.

 

        But, being yourself doesn't work either. If you spoke as if you were in your own kitchen, it would be too authentic, too unaware of the need to communicate with an audience. I remember going to see British psychiatrist R. D. Laing speak in public. He behaved like a seriously odd person, talking off the top of his head. Although he was talking about madness and he wrote on mental illness, he seemed to be exhibiting rather than explaining it.

 

        The best psychological place from which to speak is an unselfconscious self-consciousness, providing the illusion of being natural. Studies suggest that this state of "flow", as psychologists call it, is very satisfying.

 

1. The word “humiliation” in the first paragraph means _____.

A. pride   B. losing face   C. modesty   D. inferiority

2. The word “pressurized” in the first paragraph can be replaced by _____.

A. persuaded   B. pressed   C. forced   D. deceived

3. In the third paragraph, the word “extroverts” refers to a person who _____.

A. is shy, quiet and unable to make friends easily

B. is fearless and daring

C. likes going out and who has an exciting social life

D. is energetic, happy, and enjoys being with other people

4. The word “ordeal” is closest in meaning to _____.

A. torture    B. ideal    C. choice    D. experience

5. The word “psychiatrist” in the last but one paragraph refers to is a doctor who treats people suffering from _____ illness.

A. moral   B. mortal   C. mental   D. metal

 

参考答案：

1. B (humiliation: making someone feel ashamed or lose their respect for themselves 羞辱)

2. A (pressurized: persuaded 极力劝说)

3. D (extrovert: someone who is active and confident, and who enjoys spending time with other people 性格外向者)

4. A (ordeal: a difficult or painful experience, especially one that severely tests character or endurance 考验)

5. C (psychiatrist: a doctor trained in the treatment of mental illness 精神病理学家)